The researchers analyzed data from over 23,000 men and over 35,600 women, ages 40 to 79, who answered food frequency questionnaires. When the study subjects were followed up at a median of 14 years, researchers found that 986 participants died from stroke, 424 died from coronary heart disease and 2,087 died from any cardiovascular disease. The analysis also showed that higher levels of folate and vitamin B6 were associated with significantly fewer deaths from heart failure in men and significantly fewer deaths from stroke, heart disease and any cardiovascular diseases in women. Intake of vitamin B12 did not show a reduction in mortality risk.
The researchers speculated that consumption of higher levels of folate and vitamin B6 might be heart protective because they reduce levels of homocysteine (an amino acid)  in the blood. Studies have shown that too excess homocysteine is related to a higher risk of coronary heart disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disease. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Dietary Supplements, clinical trials are underway to test whether dietary supplements with folic acid, vitamin B12 and vitamin B6 decreases homocysteine levels and reduces coronary heart disease risk. Some studies are also showing a link between low blood levels of folate and higher rates of breast, pancreatic and colon cancers.
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